SSS 1 WEEK 3: DIGITALIZATION OF DATA



Definition of Digitalization of Data

Digitalization is the process of converting information into digital format. This information may represent an object, image, sound, document or signal (usually and analog signal) organized into discrete set of its points or samples. This is binary data that computers and many devices with computing capacity can understand and process.
Digitalization can also be defined as the integration of digital technologies into everyday life. Modern digital camera, television, mobile phones and computers are all examples of digital technology.
An analogue system uses a continuous signal that varies in amplitude to represent a variable such as voice or data, rather than having limited range of steps like a digital system. A digital system uses binary numeric system in which electronic pulses are represented by either 1 or high pulse or 0 for a low pulse. Digital systems can easily represent symbols such as alphanumeric characters that represent the real-world data, than the analog system.

·                     HISTORY OF COMPUTER DEVELOPMENT

Computers are machines that performs task or calculations according to a set of instructions, or program. The first fully electronic computers introduced in the 1940s, were huge machines that requires that requires team of people to operate. Compared to those machines we are having today, not only they are thousands of times faster, they can fit in anywhere like on your desk, laps or even in one’s pocket. In early days when our ancestor lived in caves, counting was a problem. When they started using stones to count their animals or their possessions, they never knew that this will lead to the emergence of computer today, human beings today started following a set of procedures to perform calculations with these stones, which lead to the creation of a digital counting device which was the predecessor of the first calculating device invented known as ABACUS.

-                      TYPES OF COMPUTER

We have four types of computer which they are being classified to by their sizes. They are
1.      Micro computers
2.      Mini computers
3.      Mainframe computers
4.      Super computers

1.                  Micro Computers

Micro computers are the most common computers used by people today, whether in a workplace, at school, or on a desk at home.  They are the smallest class of computers. The term “micro computer” was introduced with the advent of single chip microprocessors. It uses single microprocessor mounted with memory chips as its central processing unit (CPU). These computers include:
  • ·         Desktop computers
  • ·         Game consoles
  • ·         Laptops, tablet computers, notebook computers.
  • ·         Smart phones, Palm tops, smart books, and PDAs (personal digital assistants).
  • ·         Programmable calculator and so on.

-          COMPONENT OF COMPUTER: INPUT AND OUTPUT
The basic components of the computer are briefly described below.
Diagram of the components of a computer

1. Data Path: manipulates the data coming through the processor. It also provides a small amount of temporary data storage. The data path consists of the following components.
a. Programmable registers
b. Program counters
c. Multiplexers
d. Processing elements
e. Special purpose registers

2. Control: generates control signals that direct the operation of memory and the data path, control tells the memory to send and receive data, it also tells the ALU what operation to perform and finally it routes data between different parts of the data path.

3. Memory: holds instruction and most of the data for currently executing programs.

4. Input: external devices such as keyboard, mouse, discs and networks that provide input to the processor is controlled and handled solely by the control of the input unit of the computer in order to receive data and know where it should be directed to.

5. Output: external devices such as displays, printer, disks and network that receive data from the processor handles the information that is coming from the processor and it is being directed to the place or device that should display it.

 - SYSTEM UNIT
The system unit is the core of a computer system. Usually it’s a rectangular box placed on or underneath your desk, inside the box are many electronic components that processes information. The most important of this box is the Central processing unit or micro processor, which acts as the brain of your computer. Another important component is the RAM (Random access memory) which temporarily stores information that the CPU uses while the computer is still on and running. The information in the RAM is erased when the computer is turned off.

ASSIGNMENT
Write short notes on the other 3types of computer mentioned above.


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

JSS 3 WEEK 4: INTERNET (SEARCH ENGINES)

Image
THE INTERNET Internet is a global wide area network that connects computer systems across the world. It also means international network. To connect to the internet, you must have access to an internet service provider (ISP), which acts the middleman between you (the user) and the internet. The internet can be defined as a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) transmission control protocol/internet protocol to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business and government networks. It is a platform for exchange of resources and services through the inter-linked hypertext documents of the worldwide web (www) and the infrastructure to support email. THE BASIC TERMS OF INTERNET The internet can be defined as a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) transmission con...
Read more

JSS 3 - CHARTS AND GRAPHS

Image
CHART AND GRAPHS A graph is a representation of a set of objects where some pairs of the objects are connected by lines. Or graph is a diagram that shows relationship between numbers or figures. The quantities are usually measured along two axes( x and y). A graph is also called chart. While a chart is a graphical representation of data, in which "the data is represented by symbols, such as bars in a bar chart, lines in a line chart, or slices in a pie chart". A chart can represent tabular numeric data, functions or some kinds of qualitative structure and provides different info. Charts are often used to ease understanding of large quantities of data and the relationships between parts of the data. Charts can usually be read more quickly than the raw data. They are used in a wide variety of fields, and can be created by hand (often on graph paper) or by computer using a charting application. Certain types of charts are more useful for presenting a given data se...
Read more

JSS 3 WEEK 7 - 8: HUMAN ISSUE

Image
MEANING OF HUMAN ISSUES Human issues in ICT involve all human related duties, functions or responsibilities that are associated with the use of computer. Computer professionals are the individuals that have obtained sufficient education and training in the field of computers and earn livelihood from their chosen profession. COMPUTER PROFESSIONALS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS Computer Manager: He heads the ICT department, coordinates and ensures that IT need of organization is met in conformity with the policy. System Analyst: He examines the feasibility or potential computer application, design computer base system and recommend kind of program to be used in the organization. Computer Programmer: He encodes/writes the procedures detailed by the system analyst in the language suitable for a given computer. Writes computer programs Computer Educator: Computer educator trains people on how to use computer hardware and software and enlighten people on new computer policy...
Read more